COPD- Risk for rheumatoid arthritis patients

Recent findings have shown that rheumatoid arthritis can increase the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It was indicated that more attentiveness is needed to protect the respiratory health of individuals with chronic inflammatory conditions.

Investigation was done to see whether prolonged inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis make individuals susceptible to COPD. A team of researchers examined information on individuals who were diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and compared it with information on matched individuals in the general population. The analysis included 22,325 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 23,196 controls. It was found that the incidence of COPD hospitalization was greater in patients with rheumatoid arthritis than in the general population. After potential confounding adjustment it was seen that rheumatoid arthritis individuals had a 44% greater risk of needing to be hospitalized for COPD than controls. After modelling for smoking and with varying COPD definitions also the increased risk remained significant.

These findings proved to be novel as clinicians treating people with rheumatoid arthritis were unaware that the patients were at high risk of developing COPD.

Clinicians and people living with rheumatoid arthritis should be vigilant in watching for early symptoms of COPD so that it can be diagnosed early and effective treatments can be initiated before any irreversible damage occurs to the lungs. These steps will improve long-term outcomes for patients and reduce the costs of COPD.

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SLEEP APNEA- Common among Acute Respiratory failure survivor

 

A recent examination was conducted among a small group of acute respiratory failure survivors to understand their problem of insomnia, including sleep apnea as insomnia is a frequent complaint among survivors of critical illness.

The study involved a small group of about 20 patients with acute respiratory failure. These patients an acute need for at least 48 hours of mechanical ventilation. The evaluation included the Insomnia Severity Index and in-home level II overnight polysomnography three months after hospital discharge. Sleep-disordered breathing was evaluated with the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) and the Respiratory Distress Index (RDI). The AHI is used to measure the average number of apneas (breathing cessations) and hypopneas (partial obstructions) per hour. The Respiratory Distress Index (RDI) is used to measure the average number of respiratory disturbances per hour. An RDI of 15 or greater is considered clinically relevant to sleep quality and daytime function and an AHI of 15 or greater can be a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity.

Among the patients who underwent polysomnography, the majority met criteria for clinically-relevant sleep apnea, with 90% having an RDI of 15 or greater and 70% having an AHI of 15 or greater. The Oxygen desaturations were generally mild. So, Insomnia severity did not significantly correlate with the presence of sleep-disordered breathing.

It was observed that some patients had clinically significant sleep apnea despite their lack of sleep complaints. So, it was concluded that evaluating and treating sleep apnea may significantly impact the health and well-being of these patients. It was also concluded that the incidence and severity of sleep apnea observed among acute respiratory failure survivors are a cause for concern.

In the study, it was observed that trauma was the triggering event for acute respiratory failure in 58% of patients. In the provided report, 30% were actively taking an opiate pain medication at the time of testing. Opiate medication can worsen sleep apnea by reducing upper airway tone and central respiratory drive. Hence the results suggested that sleep apnea is common after acute respiratory failure, with central-acting medications serving as one of the potential contributors.

Aspiratory Fibrosis

Aspiratory fibrosis causes scar tissue to shape in the lungs' air sacs, making it more troublesome for the lungs to convey oxygen to the circulation system. A kind of interstitial lung ailment, it can have a few distinct causes, from ecological toxins and meds to therapeutic medications and conditions. Here and there, however, there is no known reason. In those cases, it's known as "idiopathic aspiratory fibrosis."

Whatever the contributing danger factor, the side effects of aspiratory fibrosis may at first be gentle. Be that as it may, after some time, the improvement of scar tissue and irritation solidifies the air sacs, causing shortness of breath and a dry, hacking hack.

There is no solution for aspiratory fibrosis, and it's dynamic. It can run from gentle to serious, and the indications will turn out to be more regrettable after some time. Treatment just targets side effects and may include medicines, oxygen treatment, aspiratory restoration and cell treatment.

Drug for aspiratory fibrosis:

Antifibrotic solutions can help moderate the movement of idiopathic aspiratory fibrosis specifically. Be that as it may, these may convey their own reactions. Irritation might be quieted by steroids. What's more, since the condition can trigger gastroesophageal reflux sickness (GERD), acid neutralizers can help deal with those side effects. Over-the-counter or physician recommended drug can likewise help assuage hacking and thin bodily fluid.

Oxygen treatment:

Certain patients with further developed pneumonic fibrosis may profit by oxygen treatment since the hardening of the air sacs implies the lungs can't proficiently convey oxygen all through the body. Low blood oxygen levels can cause hypoxia, which can harm different organs. A few patients may just need intermittent oxygen; others will require it day in and day out or while dozing. This kind of treatment can likewise enable patients to move around without hardly lifting a finger and enhance vitality levels.

Pneumonic recovery:

Pneumonic recovery is particularly useful for those with aspiratory fibrosis and will enable patients to join the suitable physical action, breathing strategies and activities that can help enhance lung work and nutritious changes. Recovery can likewise give passionate help, which can be useful for patients who have seen a decrease in personal satisfaction because of the illness.

Cell treatment:

Cell treatment may likewise be a treatment alternative to help those with aspiratory fibrosis inhale simpler and better deal with the manifestations and movement of the infection. At the Lung Health Institute, we offer regenerative cell treatment to patients in a strong setting.

For more information Attend the upcoming COPD CONGRESS 2018 which will be held during November 15-16, 2018 Dubai, UAE.

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Medications for Asthma

Asthma is a common inflammatory disease in airways of the lungs. Asthma affects inside of walls of airways are swollen or flamed and causes allergic asthma. The rate of asthma exacerbations in current generation is almost cut in half for those taking dupilumab compared with those taking a placebo. Asthma and respiratory viruses don't go well organised, the responses to allergy get compact by the common cold or the flu, a person suffering an asthma attack often returns poorly to emergency treatment; in severe cases patients can be hospitalized. On average, sufferers taking a placebo had close to one exacerbation per day during the year of the study. Exacerbations are stages of sudden worsening of asthma symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath and tightness in the chest.

Granting the drug ominously reduces asthma symptoms for all patients various medications were taken inorder to cure asthma, likewise a dupilumab functioned predominantly well in patients with high numbers of a specific type of white blood cell, called eosinophils, socialising in the bloodstream. For those patients, asthma exacerbations were cut by two-thirds.

Patients taking these inhaled medications then were capriciously assigned to receive either dupilumab or a placebo for one year. Various indications observed from the patients’ receiving dupilumab -- an injectable antibody -- also are randomly assigned to a higher or lower dose of the drug. Neither patients nor their doctors knew whether they were receiving the drug or the placebo.

Most of the patients using identical inhaled asthma treatments. Partial of the patients receiving dupilumab in numerous clinical trials were able to completely eliminate prednisone use. And 80 percent of dupilumab-treated patients were able to at least expurgate their doses into its half. Basically patients on placebo treatment also have reduced prednisone usage but to a lesser degree, likely since the etiquettes of joining in a clinical trial help asthma control generally.

Lung Cancer Tumor: Relapse Rate after Surgery

At early stage of lung cancer patients several drugs are prescribed before they undergo surgery shows major responses of tumor in the removed one and an increase in anti-tumor T-cells gets remained after the tumor was removed, that results in relapse cases in fewer patients.

Patients of lung cancer are treated with two doses of nivolumab drug before their surgery, which creates a major pathologic response, removes near about 45% of the removed tumors and no interruption in any of the planed lung surgery. Furthermore, neo antigen-specific T-cells clones are enthused by drug and remain existing in blood as well as tumor but gets disappeared from the body after the tumor is detached.

After several clinical trials and researchers by the scientists regarding the relapse of lung tumor revealed that neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 treatment boosts priming of anti-tumor T-cells, potentially eliminates micro-metastatic cancer which frontrunners to post-surgical relapse.

Mostly T-cells are being activated by the immunotherapy aforementioned to lung surgery that seizes rouge tumor cells throughout the body after the operation of the patient and prevents the recurring of lung cancer which is a game-changer in most of the sufferers. The concept of ‘cancer interception’ has a potential to stop cancer in its tracks and helps the patients to survive and live longer.

Various clinical studies are obligatory to examine the effects of immunotherapy and progressions of the drug neoadjuvant , to describe the protagonist of anti-PD-1 in minimizing the recurrences and also curing the early stages of cancer.

A cure for Tuberculosis

Vinegar has been used for thousands of years as a drug resistant common disinfectant. It shows positive result for mitigating tuberculosis. Clinical trials were carried mycobacteriology labs for sterilizing medical equipment. The active ingredient in acetic acid can effectively kill mycobacterium causing tuberculosis. Acetic acid might be used as a disinfectant to drug resistant TB. Effort for drug-resistant tuberculosis bacteria transmits serious biohazard risks and pulmonary disorders such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Pulmonary Hypertension. Chlorine bleach is often used to disinfect TB cultures and clinical samples, but it is toxic. Diseases caused by mycobacteria, but non-TB mycobacteria are communal in the environment are resistant to disinfectants. When they contaminate the sites of surgery or cosmetic procedures, they cause serious allergies and infections.

Upon investigation the ability of non-TB mycobacteria was tested in research laboratories for resistance of disinfectants and antibiotics i.e., vinegar’s ability to kill mycobacteria. A procedure was carried out by acquaintance to 6% acetic acid, which is just slightly more concentrated than super market vinegar, for 30 minutes, reduces the no.of mycobacteria from around 100 million to undetectable levels. Mycobacterium abscessus, one of the most resistant and pathogenic of the non-TB mycobacteria was most effective against acetic acid.

Depending upon the prevalence rate there is a real need for a less toxic and less expensive disinfectants that can eliminate TB and non TB mycobacteria in today’s world especially in poor countries. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global cause of health problem. Identifying new drug targets and candidate drugs is a major priority to minimize the death rate caused due to tuberculosis. Efforts have been started worldwide to minimize tuberculosis and improvise the function of lung also to develop better-quality rifampin derivatives that are unaffected by alterations of the rifampin binding site on Mtb RNAP and that thus can eradicate rifampin-resistant TB bacteria.

Innovative Lung Cancer Treatment Demonstrates Promise of Success

Malignant lung tumor is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. Growth of cells may spread beyond the lung by the process of metastasis into nearby tissue or other parts of the body. Maximum cancers that start in the lung, known as primary lung cancers, are carcinomas. A novel immunotherapy combination is surprisingly effective at controlling the disease's progression rapidly. The oncology engrossed on Non-small cell cancer which is the most common form of lung cancer.

Most of the Patients with non-small cell lung cancer  which constantly progress after the chemotherapy, so most of them go on to be treated with immunotherapy, a type of therapy which uses body’s immune system to fight with cancer. In Patients cells grow rapidly and produce suppressive factors that essentially turn brakes on tumor killing   WBCs. To counteract or reduce the cancer one class of immunotherapeutic drugs is known as "checkpoint" inhibitors are administered, they target the checkpoints in immune system regulation to allow body’s natural defences, such as white blood cells, to more effectively target the cancer.

Scientists proved that ALT-803 triggers the immune system to activate lymphocytes against tumor cells and could hypothetically serve as a vital component in combination treatments of cancer. Novel combination is a huge step forward in cancer treatment. Earlier radiation therapy and chemotherapy were used but most recently immunotherapy is also a targeted therapy to cure cancers. Latest investigation by the scientists who discovered the powerful immune system stimulator was used in a trial. A stimulator, known as IL-15 complexes, is actually a combination of an immune system growth factor and its soluble receptor. Stimulator IL-15 is a growth factor for various kinds of white blood cells including natural killer cells and T cells. Natural killer cells are the principal arm of the innate immune response, they are an important part of anti- cancer response.